Archaeologists find out 4,000-year-antique Kerma grave in Sudan`s Bayuda wasteland

Polish researchers have located the grave of a person who lived round 4,000 years in the past in Sudan`s Bayuda Desert, dropping new mild on historic burial customs and the region`s beyond environment.

Located in vital Sudan, the Bayuda Desert stays one of the country`s least studied regions. Although constrained excavations had been achieved withinside the mid-twentieth century, systematic archaeological investigations did now no longer start till the twenty first century.

For extra than six years, the fieldwork has been achieved with the aid of using a group led with the aid of using Dr Henryk Paner of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology on the University of Warsaw. One of the burials they exposed become from the Kerma period, the effective Nubian nation among 2500 and 1500 BC.

Image Credit : iStock

They posted the outcomes in their interdisciplinary studies in Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. Biological and pathological research suggest that the deceased persisted a few high-exertion semi-wasteland residing conditions, likely labored lengthy hours, ate a restrained diet, and resided close to animals.

In the grave itself, it become shallow and more or less oval, irregularly formed because the rocky floor affected its form. On its back, the frame become located, head dealing with east, some levels north.

The legs had been sharply bent and grew to become to the right, with the toes resting at the pelvic bones—a formation not unusualplace in in advance Kerma burials. Behind the frame, archaeologists observed  hand-constructed ceramic vessels: a medium-sized jug with a spout located near floor stage and an inverted bowl.

In the jug had been charred plant stays, bits of animal bone, coprolites, and beetle parts — likely from a fire used for funeral rites. Because there had been no symptoms and symptoms of burning at the vessel, the researchers say the substances had been intentionally located interior it.

The animal bones ought to depict bones from a funeral dinner party that had been now no longer fed on however discarded in flames. Pottery in Kerma burials become taken into consideration probably treasured now no longer handiest as a field or grave services however additionally as a social or person marker, in line with the group.

Intentionally puncturing, starting or upside-down vessels would possibly have symbolically “deactivated” them, as ritual exercise frequently entails each ancestor veneration and transformation of the dead.

Environmental mapping of the burial grounds shows that 4,000 years in the past, the cemetery hill, in a wasteland environment, become in a much less damp setting. At the time, the region likely seemed like a savannah, with grasses, shrubs and scattered trees. Dr Paner stated the locating shows that even a modest burial can offer treasured facts whilst considered from a cross-disciplinary perspective, including to the proof for reconstructing historic climates and environments.

City of Ruins Hampi

Hampi is one of the UNESCO Global Heritage Sites located in Vijayanagar district, Karnataka, and is a good feast for heritage lovers. The best time to visit is from October to March, and I suggest avoiding the summer season because of the hot weather. 

Hampi was the capital city of Vijayanagar, Empier, from 1336 to 1565, as per the chronicles of Persian and European travelers, particularly the Portuguese. It was a flourishing grand city near the Tungabhadra River and the world's second-largest city after Beijing when a coalition of Muslim sultanates defeated the Vijayanagar Empire. After that, Hampi remained in ruins.

The top place to visit Hampi.

Hambi has more than 75 sports to visit; the better option is to take one rental bike; it will be worth it, and the auto option is also available, but for major sports only. Don't miss the Matanga Hills sunrise below; I mentioned a few sports.

1. Virupaksha Temple
2. Vijaya Vittala Temple
3. Lotus Mahal
4. Yantrodharaka Hanuman Temple
5. Hampi Bazaar
6. Hippie Island
7. Queen's Bath
8. Matanga Hill
9. Elephant Stables
10. Monolithic Bull
11. Badavilinga Temple
12. Zanana Enclosure
13. Lakshmi Narasimha Temple
14. Underground Temple-Prasanna Virupaksha Temple
15. Krishna Temple
16. Kadalekalu Ganesha
17. Stepped Tank
18. Tungabhadra River
19. Pushkarani
20. Royal Enclosure

970-Meter Giant Structure Found Underwater! Biggest Prehistoric Building

Geologists have discovered a 970-metre-long (970-metre-long) gigantic structure made of stones arranged in a straight line on the ocean floor at a depth of 21 meters in Mecklenburg Bay in the Baltic Sea. 

This massive structure is made up of around 1,500 stones and large boulders and was built around 11,000 years ago during the Early Mesolithic period.  

According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), this massive structure was created by Stone Age hunter-gatherers, who drove herds of  Eurasian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) that migrated seasonally across sparsely vegetated post-glacial landscapes. It is said that it was built for hunting. 

Similar structures, so-called driveways, are used to manipulate the  direction of movement of animals, making it easier to trap animals  in small areas and kill them. In the  Mecklenburg Bay example, this bottleneck is located between the adjacent lakeshore and  wall, or even within the lake.  Marcel Bradmeler from the University of Rostock said: ``If natural processes and  modern origins are excluded, this stone wall could only have been built after the end of the last ice age, when the landscape had not yet been flooded by the Baltic Sea.'' ” he said. 

"At this time, the total population of all of Northern Europe was probably less than 5,000 people. One of their main food sources was reindeer herds that moved seasonally through a sparsely vegetated post-glacial landscape. ” Bradmeler added. 

Image Credit : Michał Grabowski

According to the researchers, this discovery is of great scientific importance as it not only represents the oldest known human structure  in the Baltic Sea, but also provides new insights into the habits of early hunter-gatherer societies. It is said that 

Further investigation of the stone walls and  seabed will include the use of sidescan sonar, sediment sonar, and multibeam sonar. Additionally, underwater archaeologists from the University of Rostock and archaeologists from  LAKD M-V will explore the stone wall and its surroundings in search of archaeological remains that may contribute to a deeper understanding of the significance of this structure.

Avar warrior found buried wearing a thin layer of armor

Archaeologists at the Deli Museum have announced the discovery of an Avar warrior buried wearing thin plate armor. The discovery was made near the village of Ebes in the Hungarian province of Hajdu Vihar. 

Researchers say the burial dates back to the early 7th century  and contains the skeletal remains of an Avarian warrior from Pannonia. 

The Pannonian Avars were an alliance of several groups of Eurasian nomads who founded the Avar Khaganate, which spanned the Pannonian Basin and large areas of central and eastern Europe.  

The Avars gained fame primarily through their invasions and sabotage during the Avar-Byzantine War, which took place from  568 to 626 AD. In addition, they played an important role in influencing the migration of Slavs to southeastern Europe. 

The excavations also uncovered a complete set of lamellar armor, a type of bulletproof vest consisting of small rectangular plates called lamellas. The slats are drilled and joined together to form horizontally overlapping rows or bands. 

Image Credit : Déri Museum

This armor was found as a grave offering to a deceased warrior, along with a wooden quiver and arrows,  bow, and  sword. The warrior's remains and collectibles were removed as a single block for micro-excavation. The importance of layered armor is highlighted by the Deli Museum, which suggests that the grave goods indicate that the warrior had a fairly high status. This discovery is also  the second  complete example of armor discovered in the country. 

Burial grounds also contained the remains of horses, and there was a common Avar tradition that  horses were often sacrificed, as horses were believed to have supernatural powers.

Submerged frieze of Temple of Zeus discovered off the coast of Sicily

Underwater archaeologists have announced the discovery of a sunken marble frieze block off the coast of Sicily. Experts claim that it belonged to the ancient temple of Zeus in  Akragas.  

The Temple of Zeus is a large Doric temple located in the Valley of the Temples. This valley was a ceremonial center associated with ancient Acragas (Agrigento) and included the Temples of Concordia,  Juno, Hercules, Castor and Pollux,  Hephaestus (Vulcan), and Asklepios. . 

The Temple of Zeus was 112 meters long and 56 meters wide, making it one of the largest Doric temples ever built.

Historical accounts by the ancient Greek historian Diodorus Siculus indicate that the construction of the temple  remained unfinished and was destroyed during the Carthaginian conquest of Akragas in 406 BC. It was stopped. The temple was eventually destroyed by an earthquake, and extensive quarrying took place in the 18th century  to provide building materials for the surrounding settlements. 

Underwater archaeologists discovered the marble block 300 meters off the coast of Sicily, nine meters below the water's surface, according to a press release from the non-profit organization BCsicilia. 

Image Credit : BCsicilia

The block is approximately 2 meters long and 1.6 meters high and is made of Proconesian marble from a quarry on  Marmara Adas Island, Turkey. 

On one side is carved a  frieze depicting a prancing horse, which probably decorated the façade of the outer tympanum  of the temple building. Horses were a typical artistic theme for important buildings in ancient Greece and served as a symbolic representation of power and strength.  A BCsicilia representative  told HeritageDaily: "The unusual find was immediately reported to the Marine Inspectorate for recovery of the unusual find, and it was finally returned to shore this morning."

PAS reports on rich archaeological treasures discovered in the UK

The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has published its annual report on the rich archaeological treasures discovered in the UK.  

The Portable Antiquities Scheme is a project managed by the British Museum to address the lack of ability for metal detectorists (and the  public)  to notify relevant authorities of archaeological finds and record objects in selected databases. The purpose is that. 

Sir Mark Jones, Director of the British Museum, recently said: 'The British Museum supports responsible metal detecting and our detectors comply with the Responsible Metal Detecting Code of Practice  in England and Wales, which It is supported by detection engineers." , archaeology-and landowner organizations. Therefore, it cannot be overstated how much PAS has brought archaeologists and metal detectorists closer together for the benefit of our heritage. ” 

 PAS works with 119 national and local partners who have collectively documented more than 1.5 million objects. These records are publicly accessible  through  online platforms. In its latest annual report for 2022,  PAS recorded 53,490 new applications, 94% of which were submitted by metal detector, of which 1,384 were reported as treasure under the Treasure Act 1996 It was done. 

Bronze Age: Stone wrist guard, gold treasure with decorated bracelet and two gold stripes or 'ribbons', copper alloy sword in the Ewart Park tradition, ax with faceted base. , 1,210 objects were recorded, including 3,000 axes. - Old gold dress or cape clasp. 

Image Credit : PAS

Iron Age: A very rare "mask brooch", a complete copper alloy strap holder, a Belgae gold quarter stator coin, a high tin copper alloy "potin" (coin), and his 26 coins hidden in a flint container A total of 1,345 objects were recorded, including: 

Roman Period: 18,495 objects were recorded, including a copper alloy satyr statue, a treasury of copper alloy vessels, an openwork silver  brooch, and a large treasury of coins. 

Early Middle Ages: 2,774 objects were recorded, including  rectangular copper alloy fittings, gold disc pendants, gold strap ends, and  buckle plates decorated with Chamlevé's enamel.  Medieval period: 13,200 objects  recorded, including copper alloy figurines, gold medals in the shape of small padlocks, and Memento Mori-shaped bone rosary beads depicting the face of a young woman (probably intended to be a representation). . . It features the Virgin Mary on one side and a skull (representing mortality) on the other. 

Underwater archaeologists recover belongings of Erebus crew

A team of underwater archaeologists from Parks Canada has recovered personal belongings from the crew of  HMS Erebus. 

 HMS Erebus was built by the Royal Navy in 1826 at Pembroke Dockyard in Wales. She was a converted Hecla-class bomber, and she was used to explore  the North and South poles during the Ross Expedition (Antarctica) of 1839-1843 and the failed Franklin Expedition (Arctic) of 1848. . 

The Franklin Expedition was tasked with crossing the last unexplored section of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. However, the expedition suffered disaster when HMS Erebus and her HMS Terror became iced out near King William Island. 

 After being trapped in the ice for a year, the crew abandoned ship and attempted to cross the sea ice on foot to mainland Canada, but died during the 450-mile journey. In 2014, the wreckage of  HMS Erebus was discovered by Canada's Victoria Strait Expedition in Wilmot and Crampton Bays on the west side of the Adelaide Peninsula. 

According to a recent press release from Parks Canada, underwater archaeologists  conducted 68 dives to investigate the wreck site of HMS Erebus, recovering hundreds of objects and producing thousands of high-resolution images. Photographed. 

"Carefully excavated artifacts were recovered to gather additional information about the 1845 Franklin Expedition, including naval technology, scientific research, and life on board," the announcement said. 

Researchers recovered items related to navigation and science, including a parallel ruler, an intact thermometer, a leather book cover, and a fishing rod with a brass reel. The team discovers items in the officer's quarters that they believe belong to  Lieutenant Henry Dundas Le Besconte. 

Image Credit : Parks Canada - Brett Seymour

Leather shoes and boot soles, storage bottles and sealed medicine bottles were also found in the captain's pantry. Ongoing excavation work at a cabin believed to have belonged to Lieutenant James Fairholme has uncovered a collection of unidentified fossils that complement the discoveries of the 2022 season. 

 Excavations of the forecastle area (where most of the crew lived) revealed a treasure trove of historical items, including pistols, military equipment, shoes, medical bottles, and coins. 

"The Franklin Expedition remains one of the most popular mysteries of the 19th century," said His Royal Highness Stephen Guilbeault, Minister of Environment and Climate Change and Minister Responsible for Parks Canada. Thanks to you," he said. Part of it is becoming a mysterious puzzle, which allows us to  understand more deeply the fascinating events of this incredible expedition. ”

Iron Age finds in the city go on display 50 years after first excavations

Fifty years after the University of Reading-led archaeological excavation began, an upcoming exhibition showcases the surprising discoveries unearthed during excavations at the ancient Roman site  in Silchester, Hampshire. 

Participants in 'Becoming Rome – Silchester, a City in Change' will travel back in time 2,000 years to delve into the lives of the Gauls who founded the colony and explore the changes that took place after the Roman conquest of Britain. 

 Professor Michael Fulford from the University of Reading is director of the Silchester Town Life Project. He said: "It's great to be contributing to an exhibition showcasing some of the great discoveries from the excavations at the University of Reading in Silchester." How did life change after the Roman conquest? “We are extremely grateful to the tremendous contributions of generations of our students and local volunteers  to the success of our excavations over the past 50 years.” 

The  150 exhibits include terracotta floor tiles that preserve the footprints of animals and children, a large Roman grain bin on display for the first time after its restoration, intricately carved jewelry, and a Roman stone with Nero's inscription. This includes roof tiles, etc. Additionally, visitors can see from inside the ongoing archaeological excavations that continue to reveal the secrets of Silchester's residents. 

Once a wealthy capital and home to an Iron Age mint, Silchester traded with neighboring tribes in Britain as well as with the entire Roman Mediterranean world. The exhibit will focus on their trade and metalworking skills, featuring wagon accessories and  discovered blacksmiths. An emotional insight into life in the Iron Age includes the skeleton of what is believed to be Britain's first companion dog imported  across the English Channel.  With the arrival of the Romans, inevitable changes occurred. This exhibition examines how  Iron Age settlements, known for their round houses, developed with the introduction of  Roman road systems, forums and baths. Visitors  learn how Roman baths worked, with their complex underfloor heating and gas systems, and observe personal items such as hairpins and jewelry left behind by bath users.  

Image Credit : University of Reading

Nick Suffolk, Head of Heritage Experiences at Hampshire Cultural Trust, said that 'Becoming Rome - Silchester, a City in Change' will provide a glimpse into the daily lives of people thousands of years ago through everyday artefacts. emphasized the emotional connection. 

Becoming Rome – Silchester, the City of Change, visits Christchurch's Red House Museum and Andover Museum. The new exhibition opens on Saturday 10th February at Basingstoke's Willis Museum and Sainsbury Gallery and ends on Sunday 28th April.

Bronze Age grave goods show deposits of ritual metals

Archaeologists discovered new evidence linking burial rituals to metal deposits during excavations at the Papoło Biskupie site. 

Papołowyskpie is located on a dry lake in northern Poland, where excavations led him to discover a Bronze Age tomb containing  over 550 bronze artefacts.  

The burial is associated with the Chelmno group, which is one of the northernmost communities of the Lussian culture. The Chelmo people lived in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, from 1200 BC to 450 BC. 

In contrast to other Lusatian groups, the Chelmo group has left few examples of buried objects in the archaeological record, suggesting that this group attached little ritual significance to metals. 

“Traditionally, the Chelmno people are thought to have been largely uninfluenced by the social and economic development of the Urnfield period and the subsequent Hallstatt culture. "In contrast to the hoarding of metals, metals do not seem to have played a prominent role in the social and ritual activities of the Chelmno community," the archaeologist said. 

This story was called into question when excavations uncovered the skeletal remains of at least 33 people at the bottom of Lake Papoło Biskupie. The excavation results, now published in Antiquities, unearthed more than 550 bronze artefacts, most of which were jewelry worn around the neck or  arms. 

Image Credit : Antiquity Journal

The study states: “Radiocarbon dating suggests that  human remains were placed in the lake  before the metals were deposited, and the community of Chelmno initially placed their dead in the lake before switching to a metal votive dump. There is a growing possibility that he was buried in the 

These discoveries highlight a possible link between  human remains and metal objects placed in lakes during late prehistoric times in central Europe. 

Importantly, the correlation between human remains and metal deposits suggests that the Chelmno group initially diverged from the broader Lusatian culture in their ritual practices, but that their belief system eventually extended to this region. This suggests that they have adapted to prevailing practices.

9th century sword recovered from the Vistula River

The Włocławek Sports and Leisure Center announced that it had recovered a sword from the Vistula River in Włocławek, Poland. 

 The discovery was made during dredging operations at the marina, where the weapon was partially recovered from river sediments and reported to the State Office for the Protection of Monuments and Monuments (WUOZ).  

The sword was sent to  Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun for further examination and  X-ray analysis, which suggested that its origin was likely around 950 AD. 

Researchers at the State Monuments Conservation Office suspect that the sword is of the Ulfbard type, a transitional weapon between the development of Viking swords and  medieval knightly swords. 

Although thought to be of Frankish origin, most of these types of swords are found primarily in northern Europe and are more likely to have been exported as booty, ransom, or contraband rather than trade goods. . "So far, around 170 Ulfbard swords have  been discovered in Europe," said Sambor Gawinski of the state Monuments Protection Office, with most  of them found in  the Baltic Sea and Scandinavia. He said that 

Image Credit : Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji Włocławek

When manufacturing such swords, a precisely defined mixture of carbon is added to the steel. "This gave the  weapon sufficient power, flexibility, flexibility and durability," the state heritage officer said. 

The Vikings used such swords, but  did not actually make them. It was probably made somewhere in Western Europe, but the exact location is still unknown. Professor Wojciech Chudziak of Toruń's Nicolas Copernicus University suspects that the sword was a weapon of Viking warriors. This is supported by the fact that important sea and land routes to Kuyavy, Mazovia and even the Kievan Rus intersected near Włocławek.

'Barbaric' collection of weapons discovered in Hlubyszów cantonal forest

Monument protection officials in Lublin County announced that they had discovered a collection of "barbaric" weapons in a state forest in Poland's Hlubyszów region. 

 The group dates back to Roman times and may be related to the Przeworsk culture, an Iron Age people who lived in the 3rd century BC, the statement said. BC to the millennium BC in the upper Oder and Vistula river basins. Lived in south-central Poland in the 5th century AD. 

 The cultural decline of the second half of the fifth century coincided with the social crisis that occurred as a result of the invasion of the Huns and the collapse of the Roman world. 

 Most of the metal objects were made of corroded iron and were found at shallow depths. Archaeologists have so far identified two iron battle axes, two iron chisels, 12 iron spears, and a bladed ax that was probably used for carpentry. "Due to the number, type, type of accumulation and state of preservation of the artifacts, the possibility of a cemetery or private burial is excluded, as no bone or pottery fragments were found indicating a burial pit," Lublin prefecture said. Social Media Monument Guardian. 

Image Credit : Lubelski Wojewódzki Konserwator Zabytków

"What we are dealing with is most likely a weapon used by barbarian tribes in Roman times," said a former excavation in the area that uncovered the tomb of the Przeworsk warriors in Kholodoło. I pointed out that. 

 Other hypotheses suggest a possible association of this group with the Gothic culture or the Vandals. However, without a thorough investigation, the exact nature of the find and its chronological and cultural relevance remain speculative at this point. 

Archaeologists plan to return to the site in the spring to carry out a thorough archaeological investigation.

Prehistoric cooks maintained great culinary traditions.

Archaeologists used DNA analysis and ceramic research to explore the spread of broomcorn millet throughout Eurasia, revealing light on how regional culinary habits survived despite the introduction of new crops.

Broomcorn millet originated in China and was traditionally cooked by boiling and steaming, resulting in a moist and sticky product. In Central Asia, however, grains were frequently crushed and baked into bread. When millet was introduced, locals used their current cooking ways with the new grain.

"It was already known that staple crops had moved long distances across the Old World in prehistory, while regional cuisines had persisted in a conservative fashion," says author Dr. Hongen Jiang of The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.We didn't know how those two opposing trends interconnected."

To solve this mystery, experts from multiple Chinese, UK, and US institutions examined DNA from conserved millet remnants in Xinjiang, China, dated from 1700 BC to AD 700. They compared this to cooking pots to reconstruct prehistoric cooking practices, and the findings are published in the journal Antiquity.

Image Credit : Antiquity Journal

"Just as remarkable as the vast journeys staple crops made across prehistoric Eurasia is the enduring persistence of the regional culinary cultures that received those crops" , according to Dr. Jiang. "Conventional studies of ancient pottery can be combined with novel DNA science to reveal how they interconnect."

The stickiness of broom sorghum is influenced by certain genetic variations. By analyzing the DNA of grain samples, Dr Kew Gardens and Harriet Hunt and Diane Lister from the University of Cambridge discovered that millet grains from Xinjiang lack the gene that makes them sticky. . This means that although sticky millet was predominant in eastern China, millet retained its non-sticky consistency as it spread westward. Cultivation therefore spread further west than related culinary traditions. Ceramic evidence supports this. Cooking vessels from eastern China have tripod bottoms, while those from central Asia have rounded bottoms, a design that originated in the Altai Mountains. Although the introduction of millet to Xinjiang was from the east, the vessels used for cooking came from the north, and the culinary tradition has survived despite the introduction of new ingredients. That became clear. 

The westward expansion of staple foods undoubtedly changed the eating habits of the people it reached, but culturally deeply rooted culinary traditions likely remained. Dr. DNA evidence suggests that crops adapted to humans, not the other way around.

Archaeologists discovered an entire medieval gauntlet

The Canton of Zurich announced at a press conference the discovery of an entire medieval gauntlet dating back to the 14th century.

The object was discovered during excavations southeast of Kyburg Castle, which is located in Kyburg, Pfäffikon District, Switzerland.

Kyburg's settlement developed up around Kyburg Castle, also known as Chuigeburch during the medieval period.

Today, the castle is one of Switzerland's largest medieval castle complexes, consisting of a bergfried and palas, as well as residential and economic components and a chapel.

Excavations near the castle revealed a medieval weaving cellar that was destroyed by fire in the 14th century, as well as traces of forging, as demonstrated by the discovery of a mold and over 50 metal pieces connected with smithing.

Archaeologists also discovered a hammer, tweezers, pliers, keys, knives, bullet points, and a well preserved 14th century gauntlet, as well as remnants of its counterpart worn on the opposite hand.

Image Credit : Canton of Zurich

The complete gauntlet is a four-fold finger glove worn on the right hand, with individual iron plates piled like scales and connected by side rivets. Individual glove components were attached to the interior with extra rivets on a leather or textile foundation, which was then stitched to the fabric.

According to the press release, the previously known gauntlets from museums and collectors date back to at least the 15th century. Older samples from the 14th century are quite rare. So far, only five other gauntlets from this period have been discovered during archaeological excavations in Switzerland, but none are as well preserved or display as many design and decorating features as the Kyburg gauntlet.

1,500-year-old "Christ, born of Mary" inscription was unearthed in Israel.

Archaeologists excavating at the settlement of et-Taiyiba, in the Valley of Megiddo (also known as the Jezreel Valley), discovered an inscription with the name "Christ, born of Mary".

According to Christian eschatology, the valley is the site of the final battle between the forces of good and evil, commonly known as Armageddon. The term “Armageddon” is derived from the Hebrew “Har Megiddo,” meaning ‘Mount Megiddo.’

The stone inscription is etched in Greek and was discovered in a doorway entry to a building that dates from the late 5th century AD during the Byzantine or Early Islamic period.

Excavations of the structure also revealed two rooms with mosaic flooring painted with geometric patterns.

Dr. Leah Di-Segni, a researcher at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Institute of Archaeology, explained that the inscription is a dedicatory to Jesus, the Son of Mary, and reads: "Christ born of Mary. The work of the most God-fearing and pious bishop [Theodo]sius and the unhappy Th[omas] was built from the ground up. "Whoever enters should pray for them."

Theodosius, referred to as the building's founder in the text, was one of the region's first Christian bishops and held ecclesiastical authority in Bet She'an, the capital of the Byzantine province of Palaestina Secunda.

Image Credit : Israel Antiquities Authority, Tzachi Lang and Einat Ambar-Armon.

Researchers say the inscriptions are said to protect against the evil eye and have been found elsewhere in the Byzantine world. 

Dr. Walid Atrash from the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) said: "This is the first evidence of the existence of a Byzantine church in the village of E-Taiba, along with other finds that testify to the activities of Christians living there. It complements the

Archaeologists find Doric-style temples in ancient Poseidonia.

Archaeologists excavating in the ancient city of Poseidonia discovered two Doric temples.

Poseidonia was established as a Greek colony in 600 BC in the modern-day Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.

The city emerged as a prominent religious center, as evidenced by the construction of three massive temples (dedicated to Hera and Athena) in the Archaic interpretation of the Greek Doric order, dating back to around 550–450 BC.

After the Pyrrhic War, the expanding Roman Republic seized Poseidonia in the third century BC, renaming the city Paestum and establishing a Latin colony.

According to a press release published by the Italian Ministry of Culture, archaeologists discovered two previously unknown Doric style temples while excavating the western side of Poseidonia near the ancient city walls.

One of the temples, dating back to the early fifth century BC, has well-preserved architectural vestiges of the stylobate, a stepped platform that supported the columns that held up the temple roof.

The stylobate is 11.5 by 7.6 metres in size, and visible elements include the four-sided peristatis columns that ringed the inner sanctuary known as the cella. Typically, the cella would house a cult image or statue of the deity worshipped at the temple.

Excavations also discovered partial temple column capitals similar to the Doric capitals at Poseidonia's Temple of Hera, the city's oldest surviving temple dedicated to the goddess Hera.

Image Credit : Italian Ministry of Culture

Archaeologists discovered remnants of a second temple at the same place, which predates the one described above. According to the scholars, this temple most likely collapsed around the sixth century BC, with architectural components and masonry recycled into the new temple building.

"Recent finds demonstrate that there is still much to be done in Paestum [Poseidonia] in terms of excavation, research, and valorisation. After decades of research, the Ministry of Culture is launching significant initiatives," stated Culture Minister Gennaro Sangiuliano.

A LIDAR investigation reveals the existence of lost towns in the Amazon rainforest.

A study published in the journal Science claimed the finding of a dense network of pre-Hispanic urban centers in Amazonian Ecuador's Upano Valley.

The study authors used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to locate a landscape of various colossal platforms, plazas, and a complicated road system that stretches for tens of kilometers.

LiDAR is a remote sensing technique that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (varying distances) to the Earth

Differences in laser return periods and wavelength measurements can be used to create a 3D digital map of the landscape and eliminate obscuring elements that may conceal archaeological artifacts.

The urban centers were occupied between 500 BC and between AD 300 and 600, according to the researchers, entirely uprooting previously held notions about Amazonian societies.

Prof Stephen Rostain of France's National Centre for Scientific Research told the BBC: "This is older than any other site we know in the Amazon." We have a Eurocentric vision of civilisation, but this demonstrates that we need to reconsider what culture and civilisation are."

Over 6,000 rectangular platforms (mostly regarded as the bases of ancient homes) have been discovered inside five large settlement clusters and ten smaller communities, all of which are flanked by agricultural fields and hillside terraces.

Image Credit : Stéphen Rostain and Antoine Dorison 

The integrated road system connecting the communities demonstrates their coexistence. These towns predate other advanced Amazonian communities, notably the recently discovered Llanos de Mojos ancient urban system in Bolivia.

While the actual population of the Upano Valley communities is currently unclear, the study authors remark the settlement density's large size. The amount of landscape change at Upano is comparable to the vast changes found in the Classic Maya "garden cities."

Al Bahnasa has Ptolemaic and Roman tombs.

During excavations in the Egyptian province of Minya, archaeologists discovered several high-status Ptolemaic and Roman graves.

According to a press release released by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, excavations in the Upper Cemetery of El-Bahnasa were carried out by the University of Barcelona in collaboration with the Ancient Near East Institute.

The tombs are carved straight into the bedrock and date from the Ptolemaic and Roman eras, providing a unique view into the cemetery's ongoing heritage of burial rituals and ritualistic modifications.

Image Credit : Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities

Coffins, mummies, gilded funerary masks, and a great number of terracotta figurines of Isis-Aphrodite wearing a wreath topped with a crown may be found within the tombs.

Isis-Aphrodite is an aspect of the beloved goddess Isis that emphasizes the fertility elements associated with Aphrodite. She was associated with marriage and childbearing, which corresponded to ancient pharaonic models, and she also incorporated rebirth concepts.

Mummies from the Roman period wearing gilded and painted funerary masks were also discovered during the excavations. Two of the mummies were discovered with gold tongues in their mouths, a method meant to ensure that the dead could communicate in the hereafter and speak before the court of the Ancient Egyptian god, Osiris.

Archaeologists have discovered comparable burial methods throughout Egypt, including in February 2021 at the Taposiris Magna temple in Alexandria and in December 2021 at the Oxyrhynchus archeological site near the modern-day town of El Bahnasa.

Image Credit : Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities

According to D. Hassan Amer, the crew also discovered a number of stone blocks painted with plant drawings, grape clusters, and pictures of animals and birds like as pigeons and cobras.

Archaeologists unearthed the evidence of Medieval graveside feasting rituals at Welsh Castle.

The South Wales region archaeologists during the excavating process within the place of Fonmon castel have identified the proof of Medieval grave-side feasting rituals.

Image Credit : Cardiff University

Around 1180, Fonmon Castle was constructed. Based on the castle architecture, most of the early history has been derived, which is helpful to study. However, the origins of Castel were poorly documented.

The castle is said to have been built during the Norman conquest of Glamorgan by Oliver St John of Fonmon, one of the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan.

A recent excavation within the castle grounds discovered remains of animal bone, some with butchery and cooking evidence, metal working trash, and remnants of rare imported glass drinking containers. According to the experts, this material is most likely related to 1,400-year-old grave-side feeding practices.

Dr Andy Seaman, Lecturer in Early Medieval Archaeology, said:

"This is a fantastic discovery." Sites of this era are extremely rare in Wales, and bone and artifacts are frequently lost. The Fonmon cemetery will teach us a lot about the people who lived here roughly 1,400 years ago.

"Other similar sites have discovered bodies in crouched positions like this, but given the number of graves we've examined thus far, there appears to be a high proportion." This could be evidence of a funeral rite being performed."  "There is nothing to suggest that people were living near the site, so the evidence of cooking and glasses certainly suggests some level of ritual feasting, perhaps to celebrate or mourn the dead."

Archaeologists think there are up to 80 remains in the cemetery, some of which are in crouching body positions.

Six sandstone statues discovered at Angkor Archaeological Park

As per the latest update from the APSARA National Authority, archaeologists have found six sandstone statues from Cambodia’s Angkor Archaeological Park near the Ta Prohm temple complex in the process of restoration works.

Ta Prohm, also known as Rajavihara, is the modern name of the temple in Siem Reap. This temple was established by Jayavarman VII, the Khmer Empire's first Buddhist-devoted king.

Jayavarman plans to initiate a construction program to erect monuments and a university. During his 37-year reign. This temple was built in the 12th and early 13th centuries AD.

In the 15th century AD, the Khmer Empire fell in the area, and the temple was abandoned and retrieved by nature. Today, the place is surrounded by a large number of trees.

Image Credit : APSARA National Authority

The archaeologists, while repairing the 800-year-old temple, discovered six sandstone statues founded at Ta Prohm’s south gateway near the platform.

Department of Preservation of Temples and Archaeology of the APSARA Authority member Neth Simon said: “The statues were found buried under the rubble of the southern gate of Ta Prohm.”

The find comprises two statues of the "Buddha Sheltering beside a Naga" as well as a statue of Avalokitevara, the earthly embodiment of the self-born eternal Buddha Amitabha. Two other Buddha statues with damaged heads and hands, as well as one pediment with a carving of Buddha, were also discovered.

UNESCO marked the Ta Prohm site on the World Heritage List in 1992.

Old-age celestial map or star map found in Castelliere di Rupinpiccolo

Castelliere di Rupinpiccolo is one of the oldest hillforts in Italy, near the province of Trieste.

The hillfort settlement dates to the middle Bronze Age, as per archaeological records, and the occupation processed with the Iron Age up until the place was forsaken around the 5th century AD.

A press statement by the INAF: Two great-sized circular stones measuring 50cm in diameter were recently found at the entrance to the hillfort.

Image Credit : INAF

According to Paolo Molaro from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics and members of the Ca Foscari University of Venice and ICTP, one carved stone represents a celestial map dating to the 4th century BC, and another stone points to the sun.

As per German Astronomy magazine, Astronomische Nachrichten, authors have found the celestial map or star map showing the open sky above Rupinpiccolo from around 2500 years ago. Also consider the Italy's oldest celestial map.

The members have identified 29 engravings on the stone, which match in exact terms to the constellations of Orion, Scopius, the Pleiades, and Cassiopia. Based on the cuts and angles in the stone, the researchers suggest that the carving was made by the same person using a metal chisel with a 6-7 mm tip and a hammer.

A specific star engraved on the stone indicates that Theta Scorpii has become concealed from the sight at the Castelliere di Rupinpiccolo due to its down position on the horizon. However, using the Stellarium program to simulate the night sky, researchers find that this star was noticed in 400 BC in an ancient hillfort.

As most of the interesting part is 29th engraving, there is no match with the celestial model. Instead, the study authors discussion that it could actually be a represent of Supernova, a transient phenomenon that appeared in the 29th engraving, is of particular interest as it has become visible quickly in the night sky in ancient times for months or days and then gradually grow faint and disappear.

If this is indeed the case, the research suggests that tracing the focal point in the night sky by correlating with the 29th engraving will potentially reveal a black hole left behind by the supernova explosion.